The cash flow conundrum for India Inc
Management decisions, more than external factors, drive RoCE (which,
in turn, appears to be the primary fundamental driver of share prices).
Our analysis shows that returning cash to shareholders is the most
powerful driver of RoCE. Unfortunately, we also find that Indian
corporates are amongst the most reluctant in the world to return cash.
In this note, we highlight 30 BSE200 firms that have consistently
delivered high RoCEs over the last ten years. We reiterate our BUY
stance on HCL Tech, Bajaj Auto, Sun Pharma, Asian Paints and
Cummins India. Also, CRISIL, Nestle, Lupin, Ipca Labs and GSK
Consumer find a place in this year’s iteration of our ten-baggers note.
Firms respond differently to the same external environment
We often find that within the same sector, some firms rise and others fall even
though they are subject to the same economic and regulatory forces. This is
exemplified by TVS’s fall as compared to Bajaj Auto’s rise or HCL Tech’s rise vs
Infosys’ fall. Moreover, we find that the dispersion in firm-level performance
over time is lower than the dispersion in performance across firms at a point
in time (see page 4). This suggests that business cycles or other externalities in
themselves do not produce as much variation in corporate performance as
company-level decisions for a universe of firms.
RoCE measures firm-level performance the best
Whilst management teams have a natural desire for growth and scale, growth
creates shareholder value only until the returns on capital exceed the cost of
capital. RoCE, therefore, is of utmost importance in assessing a firm’s
performance. Empirically, share price performance also supports the primacy
of RoCE as a share price driver (Exhibit A).
Capital allocation is the key to superior RoCEs
Each of the following capital allocation choices impact RoCE (Exhibit B):
Business expansion (organic - capex; inorganic - acquisitions),
Returning cash to stakeholders (dividends, share buybacks and debt
repayments), and
Doing nothing (letting cash build up on the balance sheet).
Whilst, on one hand, unbridled expansion hurts RoCE, hoarding cash
compresses RoCE (Exhibit C). We find that returning cash to shareholders is
often the best way to improve RoCE. Unfortunately, we also find that Indian
firms are amongst the most reluctant in the world to return cash to
shareholders.
Investment implications: Focus on the kings of capital allocation
Sustaining superior RoCEs over long periods is not easy, but we highlight 30
BSE200 firms that have consistently delivered high RoCEs over the last ten
years. Of these, we have bottom-up BUYs on HCL Tech, Bajaj Auto, Sun
Pharma, Asian Paints and Cummins India whilst CRISIL, Nestle, Lupin,
Ipca Labs and GSK Consumer find a place in this year’s iteration of our tenbaggers note.